Stocks/KVHI

KVHI

KVH Industries, Inc.
Technology·Communication Equipment
$9.28
$181M market cap
Claude Rating
4/10UNDERWEIGHT
Revenue
$117.9M
Free Cash Flow
$1.3M
Rev Growth
+27.2%
FCF Margin
1.1%
P/FCF
136.9x
EV/FCF
95.4x
Fwd EV/EBITDA
15.0x
Fair Value
$7.50
Upside
-19.2%

KVH Industries, Inc. designs, develops, manufactures, and markets mobile connectivity products and services for the marine and land mobile markets in the United States and internationally. The company operates through Mobile Connectivity and Inertial Navigation segments. The company offers mobile satellite TV and communications products; two-way satellite communications systems; onboard TracPhone terminals and hub equipment; data management software; and Iridium OpenPort hardware products and se

2-Year Price History

$11.69+125.7%
$5.0$6.0$7.0$8.0$9.0$10$11volMay 24Sep 24Jan 25May 25Sep 25Jan 26May 26

Quarterly Financials & Projections

Quarterly Waterfall ($ M)
PeriodRevEBITDAOpInNIOCFFCFCapExCashDebtSharesROICIntCovEV/EBITDA
Est2028-Q139.52.4--1.0---2.0-1.449.4----------
Est2027-Q439.03.1--1.8--2.0-1.451.3----------
Est2027-Q338.52.9--1.5--1.5-1.449.4----------
Est2027-Q237.52.6--1.3--1.1-1.547.9----------
Est2027-Q136.02.0--0.7---4.3-1.646.7----------
Est2026-Q435.52.5--1.2--0.7-1.851.1----------
Est2026-Q334.82.3--1.0---2.8-1.950.3----------
Est2026-Q233.51.7--0.7---6.0-2.053.1----------
Act2026-Q132.32.3-0.10.6-8.3-10.9-2.659.24.319.4-1.2%--62.5x
Act2025-Q430.51.6-0.90.33.41.1-2.369.94.419.4-6.7%--199.8x
Act2025-Q328.5-4.3-7.6-6.99.98.4-1.572.84.619.4-77.3%----
Act2025-Q226.62.2-0.40.95.12.8-2.455.91.219.4-3.4%--11.4x
Act2025-Q125.40.7-2.2-1.7-1.3-2.5-1.248.61.019.5-20.4%--23.3x
Act2024-Q426.9-1.0-3.2-4.30.4-0.5-0.950.61.219.4-28.1%--30.1x
Act2024-Q329.02.1-2.0-1.21.90.4-1.549.81.119.4-15.8%1059.5x--
Act2024-Q228.70.9-2.9-2.4-14.7-17.4-2.749.31.419.4-22.1%----
Act2024-Q129.3-0.6-3.8-3.2-0.8-3.2-2.466.61.619.3-27.7%----
Act2023-Q431.0-8.6-12.1-12.15.20.5-4.769.81.119.3-84.2%-8610.0x--
Act2023-Q333.2-1.1-5.2-4.40.5-1.9-2.469.21.219.2-30.2%--11.1x
Act2023-Q233.63.60.20.83.61.0-2.671.01.619.30.7%--11.0x
Act2023-Q134.13.3-0.20.4-6.8-8.9-2.168.71.819.0-0.9%--8.4x
Act2022-Q436.03.80.60.610.47.0-3.476.72.219.03.4%--9.3x
Act2022-Q335.23.6-1.029.71.8-1.2-3.069.61.418.7-5.5%3585.0x--
Act2022-Q234.64.0-1.0-1.40.3-3.4-3.615.62.118.6-10.2%3946.0x--
Act2022-Q133.2-0.7-4.3-4.7-3.5-7.9-4.416.72.518.5-39.4%-678.0x--

AI Analysis

LLM Evaluations

Claude4/10UNDERWEIGHTFV: $7.50

KVH is executing a high-risk pivot from a proprietary technology company to a LEO satellite reseller, primarily dependent on Starlink—the very competitor that destroyed its legacy VSAT business. While subscriber growth is impressive (9,600 vessels, +30% YoY) and revenue is inflecting higher, the business model has fundamentally deteriorated: product margins are negative, service margins are compressed, and ~76% of cash is committed to a single vendor. The $59M cash balance provides a runway, but the $45M Starlink commitment and ongoing capex for ERP/HQ will erode this buffer. At $10.24/share, the market is pricing in a successful transition to a sustainable, growing recurring revenue business. However, Starlink can disintermediate KVH at any time, Amazon Kuiper adds further competitive pressure, and the margin profile of a reseller business does not support the current valuation. The stock trades at 150x trailing FCF with near-zero operating profitability—a premium valuation for a business with existential competitive risk. Net insider buying is a modest positive signal, but employee sentiment is poor and the Coast Guard contract loss highlights customer concentration risk.

Catalyst Starlink margin squeeze or direct-to-customer push that bypasses resellers like KVH; Amazon Kuiper commercial launch commoditizing LEO maritime connectivity; failure to achieve FY2026 EBITDA guidance of $11-16M could reset expectations sharply lower.
Risk Total dependency on Starlink as both primary product supplier and potential direct competitor—Starlink could raise wholesale prices, restrict reseller terms, or go direct to maritime customers at any time, which would be catastrophic for KVH's business model.
Trend
IMPROVING
Mgmt
6/10
Quarter
6/10
Exp. Move
-2.0%

Latest Earnings Call

Transcript Summary

KVH Industries delivered a strong Q1 2026 performance, highlighted by a record 3,100 connectivity unit shipments, a 70% increase over its previous high. Total revenue reached $32.3 million, driven by aggressive LEO adoption. LEO airtime now accounts for 45% of total airtime revenue, signaling a successful transition from legacy VSAT services. The company ended the quarter with 9,600 subscribing vessels, a 30% year-over-year increase. Financially, KVH reported $2.8 million in adjusted EBITDA. The cash balance ended at $59.2 million, reflecting a $16 million bulk data purchase from Starlink to support future growth. Management is also diversifying into value-added services, including managed IT and crew welfare content via the Link platform. Geographical focus is shifting toward high-growth markets like India and Latin America. During the Q&A, management clarified that the shipment surge was partially seasonal but also driven by the affordability of LEO hardware. Despite the industry-wide shift away from GEO-only services, KVH's multi-orbit strategy and integrated value-added services position it as a leader in the evolving maritime connectivity landscape.

Valuation & Metrics

Market Stats

Price$9.28
Market Cap$181M
Enterprise Value$126M
P/S Ratio1.5x
P/FCF136.9x
EV/FCF95.4x
FCF Margin (TTM)1.1%
FCF Yield0.7%
Dividend Yield (TTM)--
Annual Dilution-0.3%
CurrencyUSD

TTM Financial Snapshot

Revenue$117.9M
Net Income$-5.1M
Free Cash Flow$1.3M

Revenue Growth (YoY)+27.2%
EBITDA Margin1.6%
Net Margin-4.3%
FCF Margin1.1%
CapEx % of Revenue7.5%
SBC % of Revenue1.0%
ROIC-22.2%
WC Change % Rev7.4%
Interest Coverage--

DCF Fair Value Estimate

$3.40
-63.4% upside
Fair Enterprise Value$11M
− Net Debt$-55M
= Fair Equity$66M
Revenue Growth10.5% → 4.0%
FCF Margin1.1% → 6.0%
Discount Rate16.0%
Terminal EV/FCF8.0x

Forward Outlook & Risk

Short Interest

Short % of Float0.5%
Short Shares0.1M
Days to Cover1.0
Change (vs Prior)+44.7%
Short % Float History
0.50%+0.20pp
0.2%0.3%0.4%0.5%0.6%0.7%04-3007-1509-1511-1401-1504-30

Options

Call IV (ATM)94%
Put IV (ATM)73%
ATM Spread19.2%
Call $OI (near money)$72K
Put $OI (near money)$10K
ATM ExpiryJuly 17, 2026 (56D)
ATM Strike$12.5
Major Expirations3
Near-money chain · July 17, 2026
StrikeCall Bid/AskCall OIPut Bid/AskPut OI
$2.50$7.20/$11.101--/$0.200
$5.00$4.70/$8.6013--/$1.900
$7.50$4.20/$4.60112$0.05/$1.950
$10.00$0.05/$3.905$0.25/$0.6091
$12.50$0.30/$2.555$0.10/$3.400
$15.00--/$2.000$1.55/$5.400
$17.50--/$1.900$4.00/$7.900
Snapshot: 2026-05-22

Forward Projections & Estimates

NTM Revenue Growth+18.6%
Forward FCF Margin-8.9%
Forward EBITDA Margin6.0%
Forward P/FCF--
Forward EV/FCF--
Forward Int. Coverage--
Model Risk Score8/10
Bankruptcy Odds3%
Est. Borrow Rate8.5%
Terminal EV/FCF8.0x
LT Growth4.0%
LT FCF Margin6.0%

Employees

Headcount247
Revenue / Employee$477,381
Gross Profit / Employee$119,101
2022: 397 → 2023: 345 → 2024: 260 → 2025: 300 (-9% CAGR)

Institutional Ownership

Headline & net flow

NET BUYING

In Q1 2026 so far (quarter still filing), institutions are net buyers — bought 6.7% of float, sold 4.5%.

Net flow · Q1 2026still filing
+2.2% of float (net)
Bought 6.7% · Sold 4.5%
52 filers reported (last quarter: 60)

Ownership composition

Active
33.9%(+15.3% YoY)
58 filers
hedge / family / endowment
Retail funds
Fidelity, Schwab, 401(k)
Passive
6.5%(+0.0% YoY)
5 filers
Vanguard, iShares, SPDR
Market makers
0.5%(+0.3% YoY)
2 filers
Citadel, Susquehanna
Insiders
14.7%
Form 4 — latest per insider
0%25%50%75%100%2022-062023-032023-122024-092025-062026-03
ActiveRetail fundsPassiveMarket makersRetail direct

Top holders

Fund$ valueCost basisΔ QoQΔ YoYα lifeFund AUM
Black Diamond Capital Management I, LLLP$31.4M$5.64+$31K+$31.4M+2.0%$136M
SYSTEMATIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT LP$8.1M$8.63−$1.5M−$2.6M-0.6%$4.33B
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LPPassive$6.6M$8.46−$882K−$1.1M-0.4%$480.92B
BlackRock, Inc.Passive$4.3M$4.83−$465K−$678K-0.2%$5.69T
Potomac Capital Management, Inc.$4.2M$8.15−$6K+$4.2M+0.5%$114M
Peapod Lane Capital LLC$3.7M$5.67+$0+$701K-1.1%$122M
NEEDHAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC$3.4M$9.12−$45K−$4.9M-0.1%$1.95B
RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLC$3.1M$6.34+$559K+$1.0M+1.2%$63.91B
First Eagle Investment Management, LLC$1.9M$5.33+$0+$896K+0.7%$58.96B
Mink Brook Asset Management LLC$1.5M$5.38+$19K+$796K-0.2%$179M
GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLCPassive$1.5M$8.46+$20K+$86K+2.3%$1.61T
BRIDGEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC$1.3M$6.30+$24K+$749K-2.3%$4.93B
MARSHALL WACE, LLP$1.2M$8.20+$931K+$1.2M+0.7%$92.71B
MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC$1.2M$7.79+$420K+$107K-0.5%$127.40B
O'SHAUGHNESSY ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC$837K$7.37+$168K+$837K+0.1%$19.92B
ACADIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC$788K$8.12+$249K+$788K-0.5%$70.48B
RITHOLTZ WEALTH MANAGEMENT$690K$7.65+$234K+$690K+0.2%$5.76B
STATE STREET CORPPassive$657K$8.83+$66K+$94K-0.2%$2.89T
NORTHERN TRUST CORPPassive$607K$8.33+$60K−$84K-0.2%$755.34B
MORGAN STANLEY$578K$6.20+$30K+$59K-0.3%$1.65T
Cost basis is a volume-weighted estimate from accumulation periods within our 13F history; holders who built their position before our window started will show a stale basis. % above the cost basis is the unrealized gain at the current price.

Trading behavior

Smart-money alpha (lifetime, %/qtr)BULLISH
Holders
+2.61%
avg per quarter
Holders (ex-self)
+0.78%
excl. this stock
Buyers (this Q)
+2.90%
37 buyers · $0.02B in
Sellers (this Q)
-0.24%
18 sellers · $-0.00B out
alpha coverage: 100% of $ has a lifetime-alpha record
Holder behavior on this stocksource: stock
On big dips (−10%+)
-7.2%
how holders react when this stock falls
On quiet Qs
-7.2%
−10% to +10% baseline
On rallies (+10%+)
-7.7%
how they react when this stock rises
Holders' portfolio flow this Q
-2.6%
outflows — trims may be forced
Sellers' portfolio flow this Q
+1.8%
Sellers grew AUM elsewhere — opinionated cut of this stock.
▸ Compare to holder-profile behavior (across all their stocks)
Holder dip (any stock)
-0.8%
Holder mid (any stock)
-1.7%
Holder rally (any stock)
-3.3%

Top Holders Over Time

5-year share-count history (top 10 holders by peak, incl. exited) + price

02.2M4.3M6.5M8.6M$4.65$6.33$8.02$9.70$112021-062022-062023-062024-062025-062026-03
hover the chart for per-quarter detailprice (right axis)
BLACK DIAMOND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.Black Diamond Capital Management I, LLLP3.5MSYSTEMATIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT LP906KNEEDHAM INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC385KVIEX Capital Advisors, LLCPotomac Capital Management, Inc.466KKENNEDY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLCAMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INCINVESTMENT MANAGEMENT OF VIRGINIA LLCPeapod Lane Capital LLC415K

Corporate

Executive Compensation (2023-2025)

Direct Pay$9.4M
Incentive & Other$5.6M
Total Compensation$15.0M
% of Revenue4.2%

Insider Trading (last 12mo)

Open-market only (Form 4 P-Purchase + S-Sale). Excludes grants, option exercises, tax withholding, gifts.
Officers & directors
Buys ($, 12mo)
$0
0 txns · 0 insiders · 0 sh
Sells ($, 12mo)
$83K
7 txns · 2 insiders · 13,581 sh
Major holders (≥10% beneficial owners)
Buys ($, 12mo)
$1.01M
8 txns · 2 insiders · 168,660 sh
Sells ($, 12mo)
$0
0 txns · 0 insiders · 0 sh
Recent transactions
DateSideInsiderTitleSharesPriceDollarsOwned $
2026-03-10SELLBRUUN BRENT Cdirector, officer: CEO2,049$6.64$14K$1.13M
2026-03-10SELLFEINGOLD FELISEofficer: SVP General Counsel1,594$6.64$11K$462K
2026-02-18SELLBRUUN BRENT Cdirector, officer: CEO3,537$6.38$23K$1.09M
2026-02-18SELLFEINGOLD FELISEofficer: SVP General Counsel1,715$6.38$11K$454K
2026-02-12BUYRadoff Bradley Louis10 percent owner30,000$6.26$188K$13.66M
2025-12-09BUYDeckoff Stephen Hdirector, 10 percent owner: 60,201$6.02$362K$21.05M
2025-12-08BUYDeckoff Stephen Hdirector, 10 percent owner: 2,461$6.05$15K$20.80M
2025-12-05BUYDeckoff Stephen Hdirector, 10 percent owner: 7,956$5.99$48K$20.57M
2025-12-02BUYDeckoff Stephen Hdirector, 10 percent owner: 13,000$6.06$79K$20.77M
2025-12-01BUYDeckoff Stephen Hdirector, 10 percent owner: 3,345$6.00$20K$20.49M
2025-11-28BUYDeckoff Stephen Hdirector, 10 percent owner: 11,697$5.99$70K$20.44M
2025-11-14BUYRadoff Bradley Louis10 percent owner40,000$5.78$231K$12.43M
2025-10-15SELLBRUUN BRENT Cdirector, officer: CEO717$5.77$4K$1.01M
2025-06-10SELLBRUUN BRENT Cdirector, officer: CEO2,368$5.22$12K$919K
2025-06-10SELLFEINGOLD FELISEofficer: SVP General Counsel1,601$5.22$8K$381K

Order Flow (FINRA, ~3w lag)

25.6%retail-2.1pp
24.2%dark+6.0pp
week of 2026-04-13
0%20%40%60%24-1125-0225-0525-0825-1126-0226-04retail (non-ATS)dark (ATS)
Off-exchange volume from FINRA. Retail = non-ATS (wholesaler PFOF + broker internalization). Dark = ATS (dark-pool crossing networks, institutional). Lit-exchange = remainder.

Revenue Breakdown

Revenue Segments

By Product (2026-Q1)
Service$28.1M+30%
Product$4.2M+10%
By Geography (2016-Q3)
Americas$36.0M+9%
UNITED STATES$28.5M+12%
Europe and Asia$11.2M-20%
Europe$7.0M+11%
Other Geographic Areas$5.4M-46%
CANADA$5.0M+80%

Filing Risk Analysis

Filing Risk Scores

KVH Industries, Inc.: Strategic Liquidation Masked by Interest Income and High-Stakes Starlink Reseller Pivot

Overall Risk
6/10
Fraud
2/10
Dilution
2/10
Insolvency
4/10
Earnings Overstated
5/10
Hidden Liabilities
7/10
Legal
3/10
Audit Warnings
2/10
Hidden Upside
4/10
Contextually Acceptable
5/10

Counter-Thesis

Counter-Thesis & Recent News

📰 Recent News

In May 2026, KVHI reported Q1 results showing a 70% surge in connectivity unit shipments, yet this was offset by a $10.8 million decline in cash reserves, primarily due to a $16 million installment payment to Starlink for bulk data. While the company 'beat' low expectations with $0.03 EPS, total revenue growth is increasingly dependent on reselling third-party LEO services as legacy VSAT sales continue to decline substantially (MarketBeat, May 2026; Investing.com, May 2026).

🐻 Bear Case

The core bear case centers on KVHI's transition from a high-margin proprietary hardware manufacturer to a lower-margin service reseller. Analysts at Seeking Alpha (March 2026) downgraded the stock to 'Sell,' noting that the 'margin of safety is gone' and that bandwidth economics under LEO (Low Earth Orbit) providers now cap upside potential. The company's commitment to spend $45 million on Starlink data highlights a dangerous reliance on a competitor that maintains 'maritime hegemony' and could eventually squeeze reseller margins (Seeking Alpha; SpaceIntelReport, 2026).

🚩 Red Flags

A significant red flag is the recent $7.7 million revenue loss attributed to a downgrade in a U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) contract and new mandatory USCG cybersecurity regulations that impose additional compliance costs. Furthermore, the company is winding down all internal manufacturing by the end of 2026, creating high execution risk and potential for 'unforeseen costs' during the transition to third-party hardware (Matrix BCG, Nov 2025; Quilty Space, March 2026).

⚔️ Competitive Threats

SpaceX's Starlink remains an existential threat, having effectively 'catastrophically redistributed' the maritime satcom market in its favor. By 2026, Starlink is expected to launch PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) services, further encroaching on KVHI's legacy navigation niche. Additionally, Amazon's Project Kuiper is emerging as a direct LEO competitor in 2026, threatening to commoditize the very services KVHI now relies on for growth (SkyLinker, Jan 2026; Light Reading, March 2026).

💬 Customer Sentiment

While management claims positive feedback for new IT services, independent employee sentiment on Indeed (as of late 2025) remains poor, with ratings of 2.8/5 for management and job security. Staff cite a cycle of frequent layoffs (every two years) and a disconnect between executive strategy and market realities. Customer-facing sentiment in maritime forums increasingly favors Starlink's direct, high-speed, low-latency performance over traditional hybrid or VSAT-heavy solutions (Indeed; Reviews.org, 2026).

Full Earnings Call Transcript

Full Earnings Call Transcript — Q1 • 2026-05-06

Operator: Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Q1 2026 KVH Industries Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Anthony Pike, CFO. Please go ahead.
Anthony Pike: Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today for KVH Industries' first quarter results, which are included in the earnings release we published earlier this morning. Joining me on the call is the company's Chief Executive Officer, Brent Bruun. A copy of the earnings release was filed with the SEC under Form 8-K this morning, and a copy of the release, along with a recording of today's call, will be available on our website at ir.kvh.com. This conference call contains certain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these statements. Words such as expect, may, intend, anticipate, will and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which include projections, plans, initiatives and other future events. We undertake no obligation to update these statements, and you should review the cautionary statements in our most recently filed Form 10-K under the heading Risk Factors. We will also discuss adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, and our press release defines this term and reconciles it to GAAP net income or loss. Brent?
Brent Bruun: Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. The shift to LEO that we highlighted last quarter continues to gain traction. And our first quarter results demonstrate that KVH is successfully capitalizing on this momentum. We are encouraged by the results that reflect sustained demand for our solutions, along with strong execution across the organization. Total revenue for the quarter came in at $32.3 million, increasing sequentially from the fourth quarter of 2025. This growth was primarily driven by strong shipments of our communication terminals, which continue to see healthy demand across our core markets, and those shipments are the foundation of our recurring revenue model and a leading indicator for future subscriber activations. As expected, service revenue was consistent with the previous quarter. The first quarter typically reflects seasonal patterns in our business, where service revenue is either flat or slightly down compared to the fourth quarter. This trend has held steady over the past several years, and this quarter was no exception. One of the highlights of the quarter was our record level of connectivity unit shipments. We shipped approximately 3,100 units, a 70% increase over our previous high achieved in the third quarter of 2025. This milestone reflects both strong market demand and our team's ability to execute at scale. Importantly, these shipments position us well for anticipated activation growth as we move into the second quarter, which brings me to our subscriber base. We ended the quarter with approximately 9,600 vessels. This reflects continued adoption of our solutions and the strength of our value proposition in the maritime market. And within that base, the shift I described is visible in the numbers. LEO services now represent over 45% of our airtime revenue, up from less than 30% a year ago. Our stand-alone VSAT subscriber base saw a decrease during the quarter as expected, reflecting the ongoing industry-wide shift toward LEO. We continue to view this business as an important part of our portfolio as customers migrate to our broader multi-orbit offering. And we are exploring an additional LEO service that will further strengthen our multi-orbit offering, giving customers more choice and flexibility for their onboard connectivity. Additionally, we are working to expand our onboard role beyond connectivity. We are seeing encouraging progress in our newer service offerings. In particular, our IT service is gaining traction with the service currently being evaluated on a number of vessels. While still early, feedback has been positive, and we see this as an important step toward expanding our role as a broader solutions provider. We also remain focused on our existing differentiated value-added services. In addition to managed IT, we have made meaningful progress with our Link content platform. Crew welfare has always been important in maritime operations, and it has gained even greater attention in recent years. Our Link service directly addresses this need by delivering content that enhances crew morale and onboard experience. We are encouraged by the traction we are seeing and are continuing to invest in the platform. In the coming months, we plan to introduce live-stream content, further increasing its value to customers and crew alike. Finally, we continue to focus on expanding our global footprint. We see significant opportunities in key growth regions, particularly India and Latin America, where demand for reliable connectivity solutions is increasing. Our efforts in these regions are aimed at strengthening partnerships, increasing market presence and capturing long-term growth opportunities. So in conclusion, here is what we delivered in the first quarter. Record shipments, a growing subscriber base, LEO mix shifting exactly as planned, managed IT in early trials, a content platform expanding its reach and a geographic footprint linked to market opportunities. The shift is real, and we're capturing it. Last quarter, I said I've never been more confident in KVH's direction. Q1 only strengthens that conviction. We remain firmly focused on disciplined execution as we advance our transition to LEO-based solutions. Thank you. And with that, I'll turn it over to Anthony.
Anthony Pike: Thank you, Brent. So with respect to our first quarter financial results, service gross profit was $9.8 million, which is consistent with the prior quarter. Service gross margin was 35%, which was up slightly from 34% in the prior quarter. Airtime depreciation expense, which is a noncash charge, represented 7% and 8% of the service revenue in the first and fourth quarters, respectively, which impacted these gross margins. As Brent mentioned, total subscribing vessels at the end of Q1 were over 9,600, which is up 7% from the prior quarter. The Q1 operating expenses totaled $9.7 million compared to operating expenses of $10.5 million in the prior quarter. However, Q4 operating expenses included $0.8 million of nonrecurring costs related to transaction costs from the acquisition we completed in Q4 as well as some restructuring costs. Our adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $2.8 million and capital expenditure for the quarter was $2.6 million. The capital expenditure of $2.6 million included $1 million related to our ongoing ERP project and the fit-out of our new U.S. headquarters, both of which will be completed in 2026, and $0.4 million related to noncash expenditure on VSAT antennas using our Agile rental program, where the inventory has already been purchased in prior periods. And this EBITDA compares to $3.1 million and capital expenditure of $2.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2025. Our ending cash balance of $59.2 million was down approximately $10.8 million from the beginning of the quarter, and this decrease was driven by installment payments to Starlink of $16 million related to our bulk purchase of data. So overall, we are encouraged with the first quarter's performance. We had another record quarter for connectivity antenna shipments, representing, as Brent mentioned, an increase of 70% from the previous high in Q3 2025. Subscribing connectivity vessels were up 7% quarter-on-quarter and 30% year-on-year, and our LEO airtime revenue is very close to overtaking our legacy VSAT airtime revenue for the first time, all of which evidences our continued success in executing our strategy to transition to LEO-driven maritime satellite communications market leader. This concludes our prepared remarks, and I will now turn the call over to the operator to open the line for the Q&A portion of this morning's call. Operator?
Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Chris Quilty of Quilty Space.
Christopher Quilty: Brent, a question for you. I mean you did say 3,100 units shipped in the quarter because I think like the best you've ever done is 1,600 previously.
Brent Bruun: Yes, Chris, 3,100 is correct. The previous high, and Anthony can give you the exact number, was approximately 1,800, a bit more, I believe, around 1,850. So...
Christopher Quilty: That's a crazy number. Was there -- I mean this is sort of a crazy number. Was there something unusual going on in the quarter maybe related to Iran? Or do you think that is just uptick in the new markets?
Brent Bruun: It didn't have anything to do specifically with Iran. We did sell a number of units into the Asia-Pac region for low data plans that will be used on fishing fleets. But nevertheless, they will still turn into paying subscribers.
Christopher Quilty: Got you. So do you -- I mean is that level sustainable? I think I only had like 3,400 net adds this year. And what sort of transition are you seeing from shipment? Is it still the sort of 60 to 90 days from shipment to initiation of service?
Brent Bruun: That's pretty typical. 60 to 90 days, and it does take a while. Would I anticipate that we're going to stay at this rate? Not necessarily. I think that we'll stay at a good rate. But I think this quarter, in particular, I'd just like to point out that it was particularly high. And I think it has to do with the seasonality aspects, too, in that although the revenue was flat because of suspended vessels, it's the time of the year where both in the leisure and in particular, fishing, they're getting their boats in and ready to go.
Christopher Quilty: Got you. And there was no new market expansion. You have talked about stepping up your efforts in India and Latin America. Does that involve incremental costs of people on the ground or advertising?
Brent Bruun: Yes, there'll be incremental costs. We're looking to expand our sales team in addition to marketing efforts, but not beyond what we had anticipated this year and the budget that is embedded into the guidance that we provided.
Christopher Quilty: Got you. Now India has not yet given the full license for Starlink or OneWeb service at this point, have they?
Brent Bruun: No. OneWeb, I believe, is further along. And VSAT is still -- is being widely adopted there.
Christopher Quilty: Until the LEO shows up so...
Brent Bruun: So they're trialing OneWeb right now. So they're a bit ahead. So our focus is on both VSAT, OneWeb and Starlink when it's ready to go.
Christopher Quilty: Yes. Again, back to the unit shipped this quarter, was the greater availability of OneWeb a major factor in that or any pricing changes? I'm just trying to get to the bottom, that's kind of a shockingly big number.
Brent Bruun: Well, OneWeb wasn't a major factor. As I'm sure you're aware, Starlink has made their antennas even more affordable. As I say, and I think a lot of this was prepped for the upcoming seasons for both leisure and fishing.
Christopher Quilty: Got you. Anthony, when you look at the roll-off of the GEO capacity, and I know you've got some step-downs in the contracts for GEO capacity. Has anything changed from last quarter or last year in terms of the margin profile that you expect out of that business for the year?
Anthony Pike: Not particularly. We disclosed previously the drop in the commitment. And so where we are, we're fairly happy with. I think the decline has been very steady. So it has been more predictable in recent times. So no, Chris, the short answer is no.
Christopher Quilty: Got you. The managed IT services, where do those revenues land? And again, like the market expansion, are there any anticipated significant costs with stepping this up? Or can you generally match costs as you scale with revenue?
Brent Bruun: Well, there are costs, but it's the same answer as the previous one. The budgeted costs is embedded with the guidance that we provided. So Chris, may I wish to give other people a chance to ask questions. If you have any others, we can take at the end.
Christopher Quilty: Okay. My apologies, I will pass the floor.
Operator: [Operator Instructions]
Brent Bruun: Okay. I guess, Chris, if you have any other questions, we can go back to him, operator.
Operator: All right. We're back to Chris Quilty.
Christopher Quilty: All right. You couldn't get rid of me. But really only had one more question. Just CommBox, any updates there on product features, distribution, attachment rate?
Brent Bruun: Yes, that's a great question. We recently introduced a paywall, which will enable point-of-sale type of purchases for our customers that take it from us. They need to set up the payment stream, and we have plans to increase that where we would actually have the point-of-sale application come to KVH where we could sell crew bandwidth directly. So that's the biggest development in CommBox this past quarter.
Christopher Quilty: Got you. And actually, I know I already asked this question somewhat, but do you see any lasting impact out of the Iranian conflict that drives connectivity in any way? I mean all the stranded sailors using more capacity or you lose customers because the dark fleet goes away?
Brent Bruun: Yes. Well, we're not seeing any impact now. Obviously, like everyone, we hope this all dies down. But I wouldn't anticipate any reduction in capacity. If you go back to COVID, when people were trapped on vessels for weeks at a time, our usage actually went up. So these vessels are sitting idle. They're still using bandwidth. But up to this point, we haven't seen any meaningful impact one way or the other.
Operator: I am showing no further questions at this time. So this does conclude our session today. You may now disconnect. Thank you so much.
Brent Bruun: Thank you. Have a good day, everyone.