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IQVIA Holdings Inc. delivered a strong Q1 2026 performance, beating guidance on revenue and EPS. Total revenue reached $4.15 billion, driven by accelerated organic growth in both Commercial Solutions (5%) and R&D Solutions (3%). The company raised its full-year adjusted diluted EPS guidance to $12.65–$12.95 while reaffirming its revenue outlook. A major highlight was the expansion of 'iqvia.ai,' with 192 AI agents now deployed across 64 use cases, utilized by 19 of the top 20 pharmaceutical companies. Management addressed a book-to-bill ratio of 1.04, clarifying that the figure was suppressed by a lower-than-usual mix of pass-through bookings rather than a decline in core service demand. Net service fee bookings actually grew double digits year-over-year. The backlog hit a record $34.2 billion, with $8.9 billion expected to convert to revenue over the next 12 months. EBP funding saw a massive resurgence to $25 billion, signaling long-term demand health. IQVIA also highlighted a new partnership with the Duke Clinical Research Institute focused on obesity trials. The company maintained strong shareholder returns, repurchasing $552 million in shares during the quarter while maintaining high free cash flow conversion.

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Full Earnings Call Transcript — Q1 • 2026-05-05

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. 2026 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers’ remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this call is being recorded. Thank you. I would now like to turn the call over to Kerri Joseph, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations and Treasury. Ms. Joseph, please begin your conference.
Kerri Joseph: Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining our first quarter 2026 earnings call. With me today are Ari Bousbib, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Michael Fedock, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and members of our leadership and Investor Relations teams. Today, we will be referencing a presentation that will be visible during this call for those of you on our webcast. This presentation will also be available following this call in the Events and Presentations section of our IQVIA Holdings Inc. Investor Relations website at ir.iqvia.com. Before we begin, I would like to caution listeners that certain information discussed by management during this call will include forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those stated or implied by forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties associated with the company’s business, which are discussed in the company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-Ks and subsequent SEC filings. In addition, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures on this call which should be considered a supplement to and not a substitute for financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the comparable GAAP measures is included in the press release and conference call presentation. As previously disclosed, we implemented a new segment reporting structure effective 01/01/2026. In conjunction with this change, prior period segment amounts have been recast to conform to this new reporting structure. I would now like to turn the call over to our Chairman and CEO, Ari Bousbib.
Ari Bousbib: Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today to discuss our first quarter results. IQVIA Holdings Inc. delivered outstanding financial results, achieving record first quarter revenue and adjusted diluted earnings per share that exceeded the high end of our guidance, reflecting solid top and bottom line performance. We are seeing continued positive year-over-year momentum across the portfolio with strong acceleration of organic revenue growth. In fact, year over year, our organic revenue growth rate in Commercial Solutions doubled, and our organic revenue growth rate in R&D Solutions tripled. On the commercial side, revenue growth accelerated as clients continue to launch new products and increase the breadth of services they utilize from IQVIA Holdings Inc. We saw particular strength in Patient Solutions, which is the part of Real World that remained in the Commercial segment, and particular strength in Analytics and Consulting, which had the highest growth we have seen in three years, as well as strength in our Commercial Engagement Services, which includes the former CSMS segment. We feel good about demand on the commercial side with pipelines growing to record levels, and we think AI has something to do with it. AI is causing our clients to have more questions. It is causing them to increase their demand for IQVIA Holdings Inc.’s differentiated AI capabilities and for the innovation we are embedding across our commercial offerings. On the clinical side, we also delivered very strong performance in the first quarter with better than expected reported and organic revenue growth. We had solid bookings with double-digit growth year over year, both as reported and as recast. In particular, we had solid growth in net service fee bookings, that is, excluding pass-throughs. Net service fee bookings growth in the quarter was solid year over year as well as sequentially, both as reported and as recast. Cancellations in the quarter were within the normal range. So why was our book-to-bill ratio 1.04 in the quarter despite solid service fee bookings growth and normal cancellations, and no, AI has nothing to do with it? What happened was that pass-through bookings were unusually low in the quarter, simply due to the particular mix of indications of the clinical trials we booked in the quarter, which included more full-service trials with lower pass-throughs than usual. I want to note that the proportion of FSP in our bookings this quarter was consistent with historic levels. Regarding the overall demand environment, forward-looking demand metrics continue to point in the right direction. Our backlog reached a new record of $34.2 billion at the end of the quarter. Noteworthy is the amount of dollars from our backlog that will convert to revenue in the next twelve months. We have $8.9 billion out of our backlog, representing nearly 8% growth year over year versus the recast numbers last year. Our qualified pipeline grew mid single digits year over year, with notable strength in EVP. RFP flow grew high single digits year over year, driven by growth both in large pharma and in EVP. All of these comparisons are, of course, apples to apples, that is, versus prior year numbers that have been recast to reflect the new segment reporting. Finally, you may have noticed EBP funding was very strong in the first quarter, reaching $25 billion according to BioWorld, which is almost double the funding in Q1 2025. Now let us turn to the results in the quarter. We delivered outstanding revenue and profit results. Total revenue for the first quarter exceeded the high end of our guidance range, representing year-over-year growth of 8.4% on a reported basis and 6% at constant currency. First quarter adjusted EBITDA was up 5.5%. First quarter adjusted diluted EPS of $2.90 also exceeded the high end of our guidance range; it increased 7.4% year over year. Let us review a few highlights of business activity. A brief update on AI: IQVIA Holdings Inc.’s AI solutions are built on our unparalleled proprietary data foundation, best-in-class compliance with the privacy, regulatory, and integrity standards healthcare-grade AI demands, and are connected to our deep life sciences and healthcare expertise. We have been integrating AI into our operations and solutions at scale for nearly a decade. It is part of who we are and what we do. We already function as an AI-native company in life sciences. A few weeks ago, we unveiled iqvia.ai at NVIDIA’s GTC conference. This is our agentic AI portal and marketplace purpose-built for life sciences. It provides clients a single access point to their purchased IQVIA Holdings Inc. AI solutions, enabling centralized control with their internal user base, while also enabling visibility to a broader AI portfolio to support future solution adoption. Our deployment of highly specialized life sciences industry AI agents is progressing as planned. To date, we have 192 agents deployed in the field covering 64 use cases across both our Commercial Solutions and R&D Solutions businesses. Nineteen of the top twenty pharma companies are already using IQVIA Holdings Inc. agents in some of their workflows, underscoring broad industry trust in our AI capabilities. Switching to client activity in Commercial Solutions, this quarter we saw clients increasingly selecting IQVIA Holdings Inc. to build AI-ready data foundations, which facilitate the incorporation of AI agents, including our agents, into their workflows. These new services expand the scope of our partnerships with clients. A few examples of wins in the quarter: a top-10 pharma client awarded IQVIA Holdings Inc. a contract to modernize performance reporting on markets and therapeutic areas using an AI-driven analytics platform. The engagement replaces hundreds of disconnected reports and dashboards from multiple vendors with a centralized, managed, AI-powered IQVIA Holdings Inc. insights solution. IQVIA Holdings Inc. secured a multiyear partnership with a midsized client to build a scalable, AI-ready data foundation. The win demonstrates IQVIA Holdings Inc.’s plug-and-play capabilities within a client’s multi-provider technology ecosystem. Pfizer and IQVIA Holdings Inc. entered into a strategic regional promotion agreement covering selected Pfizer products across 23 countries in Europe. This collaboration brings together Pfizer’s scientific leadership with IQVIA Holdings Inc.’s promotional expertise, market intelligence, and AI-supported technology to support long-term impact. We entered into a strategic, long-term collaboration with Boehringer Ingelheim to transform the global commercial intelligence foundation. Boehringer selected IQVIA Holdings Inc.’s Data-as-a-Service plus platform as the core accelerator to harmonize and upgrade global commercial operations, enabling more scalable analytics and a single version of the truth across therapeutic areas and geographies. This collaboration will support upcoming product launches and market reporting across 59 countries. IQVIA Holdings Inc. was awarded a multiyear agreement to serve as the primary patient information and analytics partner across an EVP’s full portfolio, including our Data-as-a-Service platform. This partnership is designed to drive strong visibility into existing brands, accelerate improvements in analytics, insights, and pipeline assets, and enable more intelligent commercial and portfolio decisions. Turning to R&D Solutions, our strategy has been to leverage our AI solutions to optimize trial design and execution to reduce timelines for our clients. We have been doing this for years through protocol optimization, site identification, and operational risk mitigation, and we are taking this to the next level with AI agents, which lead to much faster study execution and increased quality by reducing errors and rework. For example, the agentification of the complex database setup process in study start-up or the AI identification of tasks involved in filing multiple documents in the Trial Master File. We are increasingly embedding these AI agents in our delivery model. Recent wins on the back of these capabilities include: a top-five pharma company selected IQVIA Holdings Inc. to provide AI-enabled global medical safety and pharmacovigilance services, building on a decade-long relationship and strong performance across both FSP and clinical delivery models. The deal consolidates safety operations under a single scalable model to improve efficiency and reliability while enabling ongoing innovation. A top-10 pharma client awarded IQVIA Holdings Inc. a multiyear agreement to serve as the primary partner for delivering full-service global clinical trials. We differentiated ourselves through AI-enabled innovation that accelerates development and improves execution quality. IQVIA Holdings Inc. won a contract with a global midsized pharma to deliver a Phase 3 clinical study supporting a high-profile oncology asset, based on our experience running similar studies and our ability to deliver AI-enabled trial design, protocol optimization, and site identification. A top-20 pharma company selected IQVIA Holdings Inc. to support a late-stage clinical program in asthma in overweight patients, highlighting AI-enabled clinical solutions, including protocol and design strategy optimization, regulatory compliance, and study document filings. For an EDP, we are delivering a global late-stage clinical program that integrates clinical and laboratory services within a single operating model, with agentified analytics embedded across site feasibility and selection, enrollment, and performance forecasting. Lastly, in the quarter, we announced a strategic collaboration with the Duke Clinical Research Institute to advance clinical research in obesity and related cardiometabolic conditions. The collaboration brings together IQVIA Holdings Inc.’s global operational scale and execution capabilities with Duke’s academic rigor and scientific leadership, creating an integrated end-to-end model for large, complex clinical trials. The partnership is designed to accelerate trial start-up, improve execution efficiency, and support regulatory submissions and commercialization. IQVIA Holdings Inc. contributes deep expertise in obesity and metabolic disease, having supported more than 120 obesity trials and enrolled more than 90,000 patients, including work across all FDA-approved GLP-1 therapies to date, providing sponsors with a proven operational foundation. This partnership with Duke has already resulted in a significant pipeline of opportunities and a few wins in the second quarter. I will now turn the call over to Michael Fedock for more details on our financial performance.
Michael Fedock: Thank you, Ari, and good morning, everyone. As Kerri noted earlier, we implemented a new segment reporting structure effective 01/01/2026. In conjunction with this change, prior period segment amounts have been recast to conform to this new reporting structure. Let us start by reviewing the results. First quarter revenue was $4.151 billion, up 8.4% on a reported basis and 6% at constant currency. Revenue growth includes about two points of contribution from acquisitions. Commercial Solutions revenue for the first quarter was $1.754 billion, up 11.6% on a reported basis and 8.5% at constant currency. R&D Solutions first quarter revenue was $2.397 billion, up 6.2% on a reported basis and 4.2% at constant currency. Now moving down the P&L. Adjusted EBITDA was $932 million for the first quarter, representing growth of 5.5% year over year. First quarter GAAP net income was $274 million and GAAP diluted earnings per share was $1.61. Adjusted net income was $492 million for the first quarter and adjusted diluted earnings per share was $2.90, representing growth of 7.4% year over year. Now turning to RDS bookings. To provide an apples-to-apples comparison, last year’s Q1 2025 net new bookings and backlog have been recast to reflect the Real World Late Phase and certain other Real World offerings that are closely related to the clinical trial business, which we moved from TAS to RDS. On this new basis, R&D Solutions net new bookings in Q1 2026 were $2.5 billion, a double-digit increase year over year. RDS backlog at March 31 was $34.2 billion, an increase of mid single digits year over year. Additionally, the next twelve-month revenue from this backlog was $8.9 billion at March 31, which is up high single digits versus the prior year on a recast basis. Now reviewing the balance sheet. As of March 31, cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.947 billion and gross debt was $15.833 billion, resulting in net debt of $13.886 billion. Our net leverage ratio ended the quarter at 3.62 times trailing twelve-month adjusted EBITDA. First quarter cash flow from operations was $618 million; capital expenditures were $127 million, resulting in strong free cash flow of $491 million, which represents 100% of adjusted net income, a 15% increase year over year. In the quarter, we repurchased $552 million of our shares, which leaves us approximately $1.2 billion of repurchase authorization remaining under the current program. Now turning to guidance. We are reaffirming our full year 2026 guidance for revenue and adjusted EBITDA, and we are raising the guidance for adjusted diluted earnings per share. We continue to expect revenue to be between $17.15 billion and $17.35 billion, representing growth of 5.2% to 6.4%, or 5.8% at the midpoint. This revenue guidance continues to assume approximately 150 basis points of contribution from acquisitions and approximately 100 basis points of tailwind from foreign exchange. These assumptions are unchanged from the prior guide. We continue to expect adjusted EBITDA to be between $4.05 billion and $4.25 billion, growing 4.9% to 6.3% year over year, or 5.6% at the midpoint. We are raising our adjusted diluted EPS to be between $12.65 and $12.95, up 6.1% to 8.6% versus prior year, or 7.4% at the midpoint. Turning to the second quarter. For Q2, we expect revenue to be between $4.28 billion and $4.34 billion, which represents year-over-year growth of 6.5% to 8%. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be between $955 million and $975 million, representing growth of 4.9% to 7.1% versus prior year. Adjusted diluted EPS is expected to be between $2.98 and $3.08, which represents year-over-year growth of 6% to 9.6%. Both this guidance and our full year guidance assume that foreign currency rates as of May 4 continue for the balance of the year. To summarize, IQVIA Holdings Inc. delivered outstanding financial results with first quarter revenue and adjusted diluted EPS exceeding the high end of our guidance. We delivered strong acceleration of organic revenue growth in both Commercial Solutions and R&D Solutions. RDS net new bookings grew double digits year over year with solid year-over-year and sequential growth in net service fee bookings. We continue to make very strong progress in the deployment of highly specialized life sciences industry AI agents, with more than 190 agents deployed covering over 50 use cases across Commercial Solutions and RDS businesses, with 19 out of the top 20 pharma companies already using our agents in some of their workflows. Forward-looking indicators continue to point in the right direction for both Commercial Solutions and RDS. We repurchased $552 million of our shares in the first quarter, and we reaffirmed our full year 2026 guidance for revenue and adjusted EBITDA and raised the guidance for adjusted diluted earnings per share. We will now open the call for questions. Operator, please go ahead.
Operator: At this time, I would like to remind everyone in order to ask a question, press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. We request that you please limit yourself to one question so that others in the queue may participate as well. We will pause for a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of an Analyst with Leerink Partners. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Analyst: Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking the questions. Maybe if I can dive in a little bit more on the services versus pass-through bookings that you saw in the quarter. As you think about the demand dynamic, how should we think about that conversion of what you are winning across the margin progression, Ari? I just want to make sure we all understand the push and pull on what is coming through into the backlog versus how profitable it is relative to the core business, especially if these are a lot more full-service-oriented wins within the RDS segment? Thank you.
Ari Bousbib: I hope I understood your question well, but just to be clear, you understand that pass-throughs have zero profitability drop-through. That is clear. So pass-throughs are irrelevant to profitability. We have to report them because that is an accounting requirement. We had solid execution in the quarter. We booked $2.5 billion of trials in the quarter. It just happens to be that the mix of indications was such that we had full-service trials that had fewer pass-throughs than usual. In fact, if you look at pass-throughs, the first quarter was about one third lower than the historic average. It is always within a range, but it was significantly lower. Had we had a regular mix of projects consistent with long-term history and a consistent level of pass-throughs, then we would not be having this conversation. The infamous quarterly book-to-bill ratio would have been quite significantly higher. There is no impact on margins—no unexpected impact whatsoever. I want to point out that on pure service fee bookings, year over year and sequentially, we were up very significantly. Now, ignoring the pass-through issue, generally Q1 is always lower than Q4, usually by 16% to 17%. This quarter it was lower by less than that—about 13% down—so lower as always, but a little bit less than usual. Frankly, we also have the most conservative bookings policy in the industry. You only book business when it is contracted. So if we are awarded a couple of trials at the end of the quarter and the client board is only meeting on April 2 and that is when the contract is signed, then that is when we book it. It is not a first quarter win. The influence this can have on a reported book-to-bill is very significant. Again, and I said this when we reported book-to-bill ratios of 1.3, I said it when we reported 0.9, and I will say it again today: the quarterly book-to-bill metric is a bad metric to predict future growth. I can easily point to many competitors who reported great book-to-bill ratios and are now having very negative growth. Point to us: last year at this time, we reported a book-to-bill of 1.02, and if this were predictive of growth, this quarter we would be showing really poor, anemic growth in RDS, and yet we are reporting very strong 3% organic growth—over 6% reported. We have about two points from FX and about a point from acquisitions; our organic growth in R&D was 3%. Could you have predicted that from the 1.02 reported book-to-bill last year? The answer is no. Again, there is zero impact from AI in our bookings. The number of trials that we lost to anyone using any AI tool is exactly zero. And, again, no impact on margins whatsoever from the unusually low pass-throughs in the bookings this quarter. I hope that gives you enough color.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Justin Bowers with Deutsche Bank. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Justin Bowers: Good morning. A two-parter, maybe one for Ari and one for Mike. In terms of the wins you saw here, it is interesting to hear the full-service dynamics and that having fewer pass-throughs. Is that more of a function of how customers are deploying their clinical strategy, and are you seeing any shift there from large pharma, either in the quarter or what is in the funnel? That is number one. And then part two would be on the margins. Is that something that we would see this year, or is that more of a 2027 and beyond dynamic?
Ari Bousbib: Thank you. Again, one quarter does not make a trend, and $2.5 billion of bookings that are going to convert to revenue over the next four to seven years is not going to affect our margins one bit. It is not indicative of any change whatsoever. It just happens to be that the trials that we won this quarter had lower pass-throughs. It has nothing to do with a change in customer dynamics. Some trials, like certain large vaccine trials, have an enormous amount of pass-throughs. There are certain types of large cardiovascular studies that require a lot of patients and a lot of procedures; the protocol may require more reimbursed expenses. That just was not the case this quarter. It is unusual to have lower pass-throughs, but that is what happened. I would not read anything about changing client dynamics into this. On demand, we see no change at all in the fundamental drivers of outsourced clinical development. Trial complexity is rising, the need to execute globally is rising, and the growing use of data and analytics—all of these point to the need to outsource more, not less. In the near term, we see that the environment has stabilized. Large sponsors are still taking a more deliberate approach to capital deployment, coming out of three to four years of policy-driven macro headwinds and disruptions. We have not yet returned to the decision-making speed we saw before this period started, but it is getting there and moving in the right direction. On the EDP side, funding is growing at a very nice pace, which points to renewed confidence in the pipeline. It takes a year to a year and a half before funding drives awards and into the backlog, but the demand indicators are quite strong.
Michael Fedock: Just to reemphasize Ari’s point: do not draw any sort of margin conclusions from one quarter of bookings. Every dollar we book now burns over roughly five years. Some color on Q1 margins: we recorded about 60 basis points of EBITDA margin contraction, and all of that was due to non-operational headwinds—FX and pass-throughs. We have a very strong productivity program. Operationally, despite adverse mix, our productivity programs more than offset that mix, so we expanded margin operationally quite significantly in the quarter. This further highlights that you cannot correlate a quarter of bookings, or even several quarters, to future margins.
Ari Bousbib: We report the book-to-bill because you want it, but it is not comparable to anyone else in the industry. Our number two competitor is part of a larger conglomerate; we know nothing about their numbers. Our number three competitor, we have no clue what their numbers are now or in the past three years. Numbers four and five are private. There is very little rationale to give so much color on bookings; conclusions people draw can be false and it is competitive information.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of an Analyst with Barclays. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Analyst: Wanted to talk more about the upside in Commercial Solutions. You called out a few businesses that were really strong during the quarter, but it would be great to hear more about which areas were most surprising versus your internal expectations. And can you remind us on the mix of the more recurring revenue offerings within this business versus what is more discretionary? Thanks.
Ari Bousbib: Thank you for the question. Our Commercial Solutions business is underappreciated. We performed very well in the first quarter. When the industry went through difficulties over the past three years, headwinds caused our large pharma clients to pause discretionary spending. Our growth rates never went negative, but they slowed to low single-digit organic growth. We then started to rebound, and a year ago in the first quarter our organic growth rate was about 2% to 2.5%. Our organic growth rate in Commercial Solutions this quarter was 5%. We reported 11.6% growth; at constant currency that is 8.5%, and when you strip out acquisitions, it is 5% organic growth—double the underlying organic growth year over year. What is driving this? On the clinical side, our AI work focuses on creating efficiency and improved execution to reduce timelines. On the commercial side, we are focused on innovation—creating new offerings—and those are gaining traction. Customers are dealing with massive amounts of data from us, from third parties, and generated by their own operations, and with disparate legacy systems. AI agentification enables clients to bypass and leapfrog systems and multiple vendors and data sources, analyze information much faster, derive insights, and make decisions at much higher speed. Our agents are healthcare-grade AI, tailor-made for regulatory requirements. Clients are very interested in these solutions. Our pipelines have reached record levels, in part influenced by these offerings. Concerns that AI would replace services are unfounded; quite the opposite, it creates new demand. The part of our commercial business theoretically most vulnerable to AI disruption—Analytics and Consulting—actually has a record pipeline and very strong growth, the best in three years, and we see this continuing. Underlying demand in Commercial Solutions is fueled by the number of new drug launches. In Q1 there were 10 new drug launches; launch activity is the bread and butter of our commercial business, and it is increasing. To summarize mix: our Info business is about 30% of the total and continues to grow low single digits, a little stronger given more demand for data that our AI agents create. The fastest growth within Commercial Solutions is Patient Solutions—the pieces of Real World that we kept in Commercial—with very strong double-digit growth. Everything else—Analytics and Consulting, Commercial Tech, and Commercial Engagement Services (including the former CSMS business), now also supplemented with AI agents—will grow mid to high single digits going forward.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Shlomo Rosenbaum with Stifel. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Shlomo Rosenbaum: Hi. Thank you very much. Ari, I wanted to get a view on the market in general. Your commentary has been that it is stabilizing, but we are seeing things like Analytics and Consulting being the highest growth in three years, and that very often is a leading indicator that things are improving. Where are you seeing growth actually accelerating versus just stabilizing? And do you think your performance is indicative of market growth, or are you noticing an improvement in win rates?
Ari Bousbib: I understand the question. We are coming out of a period of three to four years of significant turmoil in the industry, driven by the post-COVID deflationary environment, the biotech funding decline which constrained budgets, the IRA under the Biden administration, and announced or enacted policies under the Trump administration, plus M&A, tariffs, FDA changes, etc. All of that constrained the demand environment both on the clinical and commercial side. It is always difficult to evaluate whether we are truly out of it. Frankly, we ourselves are surprised by how well we performed in the quarter. We beat on every one of our financial metrics, and we surpassed our own expectations in both businesses. The AI disruption concerns are actually a tailwind for our business, and we are seeing it already. We feel confident that the tailwind will continue. In conversations with clients, large pharma is much more constructive on both RDS and Commercial—perhaps a little more on Commercial because large clinical trials and capital programs take more time to get started. We have not returned to “business-as-usual” speed, but we are much improved versus where we were. On the EVP front, funding reached record levels—$20 billion in the first quarter, almost double last year—which indicates renewed confidence. It takes time, but significant capital committed to specific programs is a strong indicator. Looking forward, large pharma clients tell us they plan to increase the number of molecules in their pipeline because they are using AI to identify more targets, most of which is at the discovery stage. That will increase the number of trials and the number of assets pursued, which in turn increases demand for CRO services, not the opposite. Some clients are even asking us what it would take to ramp up capacity to handle a larger number of targets, given the number of LOEs coming up in the four- to five-year timeframe and the need to replenish pipelines. On Commercial, I already commented on the strength and pipeline.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Elizabeth Hammell Anderson with Evercore ISI. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Elizabeth Hammell Anderson: Hi, good morning, and thanks so much for the question. Could you comment on the drivers of EBITDA margin as we move through the year? The second quarter guide implies a little bit lower EBITDA margin versus consensus. Is that a rightsizing of some of the mix impact? And how should we think about the back half of the year?
Michael Fedock: Sure, Elizabeth. If you look at our EBITDA progression implied in our guide, it is pretty consistent with history—nothing noteworthy to call out there. On margins, as we mentioned when we gave our Q1 guidance, Q1 has the largest FX tailwind, and you will see that start to moderate as we go through the back end of the year. Given the strength in our productivity programs, we are very confident that reported margins will flip to positive as we progress through the year.
Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Eric Coldwell with Baird. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Eric Coldwell: Good morning. Going back to the bookings, maybe looking at it a little differently. You exited 2025 with about $10 billion of total net awards. If we use a rough 30% pass-through mix, that is about $3 billion a year of pass-through bookings, about $750 million a quarter. A third below would be about $250 million. If we add $250 million back to reported awards, as if pass-throughs were normal, that would get us to about a 1.15 book-to-bill. Is that logic consistent with what you are trying to express today? And then, can we get the constant-dollar organic growth in both segments on a recast basis?
Ari Bousbib: Eric, the answer to your first question is yes. If, in addition, our RDS revenue had been what we planned as opposed to the strong burn because we converted faster in the quarter, it would have been north of that. I will let you do the math. On organic growth, from memory: RDS reported growth is 6.2%. About two points of that is FX and one point is acquisitions, so organic growth for RDS in the quarter was 3%—a year ago it was 1%. On the Commercial side, reported is 11.6%, with about three points of FX and a little more than three points of acquisitions, so organic is 5%, which is double where it was last year. So again, 3% organic for RDS, 5% organic for Commercial, and about 4% for the enterprise.
Operator: At this time, I turn the call back over to Kerri Joseph.
Kerri Joseph: Thank you, operator. Thank you, everyone, for taking the time to join us today. We look forward to speaking with you again on our second quarter 2026 earnings call. The team will be available the rest of the day to take any follow-up questions you might have. Thank you. Have a good day.
Operator: This concludes today’s conference call. You may now disconnect.