Stocks/ERII

ERII

Energy Recovery, Inc.
Industrials·Industrial - Pollution & Treatment Controls
$8.17
$421M market cap
Claude Rating
4/10UNDERWEIGHT
Revenue
$136.3M
Free Cash Flow
$23.2M
Rev Growth
+20.3%
FCF Margin
17.0%
P/FCF
18.1x
EV/FCF
14.8x
Fwd EV/EBITDA
--
Fair Value
$10.50
Upside
+28.5%

Energy Recovery, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, designs, manufactures, and sells various solutions for the seawater reverse osmosis desalination and industrial wastewater treatment industries worldwide. The company operates through Water and Emerging Technologies segments. It offers a suite of products, including energy recovery devices, and high-pressure feed and recirculation pumps; hydraulic turbochargers and boosters; and spare parts, as well as repair, field, and commissioning servic

2-Year Price History

$8.85-33.6%
$10$12$14$16$18volJun 24Oct 24Jan 25May 25Sep 25Jan 26May 26

Quarterly Financials & Projections

Quarterly Waterfall ($ M)
PeriodRevEBITDAOpInNIOCFFCFCapExCashDebtSharesROICIntCovEV/EBITDA
Est2028-Q112.0-6.6---7.8--7.2-0.3101.3----------
Est2027-Q455.017.6--13.8--5.5-0.894.1----------
Est2027-Q332.05.8--3.8---3.2-0.588.6----------
Est2027-Q222.0-1.1---2.6--2.2-0.491.8----------
Est2027-Q110.0-9.0---10.0--8.0-0.389.6----------
Est2026-Q438.08.4--5.7---1.9-0.881.6----------
Est2026-Q318.0-2.7---5.4---4.5-0.583.5----------
Est2026-Q212.0-7.2---9.0--1.8-0.488.0----------
Act2026-Q19.7-9.1-10.0-12.321.020.2-0.886.28.952.7-60.2%--37.8x
Act2025-Q466.612.269.426.97.12.5-0.775.316.353.4322.9%--76.2x
Act2025-Q332.06.03.73.9-3.1-3.5-0.370.410.053.522.0%--22.9x
Act2025-Q228.12.91.52.14.24.0-0.179.510.654.57.6%--27.3x
Act2025-Q18.1-10.6-12.6-9.910.710.5-0.283.611.154.9-59.0%--29.3x
Act2024-Q467.129.525.623.59.08.9-0.178.011.357.2101.5%--32.6x
Act2024-Q338.68.57.18.5-3.0-3.2-0.2118.611.858.323.6%--30.1x
Act2024-Q227.2-0.6-2.0-0.68.17.9-0.2101.012.357.4-8.1%--36.1x
Act2024-Q112.1-9.5-10.9-8.36.55.7-0.8117.412.857.1-38.8%--44.1x
Act2023-Q457.222.120.619.813.812.4-1.4108.513.357.770.5%--43.8x
Act2023-Q337.010.69.19.77.87.4-0.384.513.758.042.7%--82.6x
Act2023-Q220.7-1.1-2.6-1.7-4.1-4.7-0.695.114.256.4-13.3%--87.7x
Act2023-Q113.4-6.7-8.1-6.38.78.5-0.298.714.656.2-39.3%--72.7x
Act2022-Q442.316.014.613.76.45.1-1.289.814.957.468.3%--37.4x
Act2022-Q330.56.24.94.8-1.2-1.8-0.682.315.357.429.8%----
Act2022-Q220.3-0.6-2.9-2.49.18.6-0.581.715.756.2-18.1%----
Act2022-Q132.69.68.27.9-1.6-3.6-2.082.216.158.241.5%----
Historical Valuation

Multiples vs the company's own history — cheap or rich relative to itself? Historical fiscal years, then TTM, then forward projections (E). Forward rows hold today's price against projected earnings, so the multiple compresses if the company grows into it.

YearPriceRev GrEBITDA %EBITDAEV/EBITDAEV/FCFP/EP/S
202220.4924.8%3137.4×138.7×51.6×9.9×
202318.84+2.2%19.3%2543.8×46.1×55.0×9.2×
202414.70+12.9%19.3%2832.6×47.6×42.6×6.8×
202513.49-7.1%7.8%1176.2×59.3×37.4×6.4×
TTM8.17-3.3%8.8%120.0×0.0×0.0×0.0×
2027E8.17-12.7%0.1%00.0×0.0×0.0×0.0×

EBITDA in reporting-currency $M. Historical multiples use year-end market cap (split-adjusted price history); TTM & forward years use today's.

AI Analysis

LLM Evaluations

Claude4/10UNDERWEIGHTFV: $10.50

Energy Recovery is a high-quality niche business (dominant market share in desalination pressure exchangers, ~45% gross margins, no debt, $86M cash) caught in a multi-quarter trough driven by Middle East project delays, CEO/CFO departures, and the failed CO2 diversification attempt. The stock has already corrected ~50% from highs, pricing in much of the bad news. However, the lack of earnings visibility (guidance withdrawn), extreme revenue lumpiness, leadership vacuum, and concentration risk in a single product/geography make this a 'show me' story. At ~$9.40/share, the valuation is not yet compelling enough to offset the near-term uncertainty. The long-term secular thesis on water scarcity remains intact, but the business needs to demonstrate pipeline conversion and successful PX Q650 adoption before re-rating. This is a name to watch for a better entry point once Middle East visibility returns and new management is seated.

Catalyst Resumption of delayed Middle East desalination mega-projects (likely late 2026/2027), successful PX Q650 commercial ramp providing pricing/margin uplift, and appointment of a credible new CEO who can articulate a clearer growth strategy beyond desalination.
Risk Prolonged Middle East conflict causes multi-year project deferrals, leaving ERII with a structurally undersized revenue base relative to its fixed cost structure, while the leadership vacuum prevents strategic pivots or capital allocation discipline.
Trend
DETERIORATING
Mgmt
4/10
Quarter
2/10
Exp. Move
-15.0%

Latest Earnings Call

Transcript Summary

Energy Recovery’s Q1 2026 earnings call was defined by significant organizational changes and the withdrawal of annual guidance due to the ongoing war in Iran. CEO David Moon announced his retirement, and Aidan Ryan was named interim CFO following Mike Mancini's resignation. Due to the high exposure of the desalination business to the Middle East, the company has suspended its 2026 financial outlook, including its $10-$15 million wastewater target, until visibility into project timelines improves. On the product front, the launch of the PX Q650 has been successful, securing its first commercial order and gaining traction in large-scale plant designs. Management is managing the transition from the Q400 model by building inventory to meet future demand once regional tensions ease. Strategically, ERI continues to pursue local manufacturing in the Middle East to satisfy local content requirements and reduce costs. While the Middle East remains the primary focus, growth opportunities in China, South America, and Texas are being actively monitored. Despite leadership turnover and regional instability, management maintains that the underlying demand for water security will drive long-term growth.

Valuation & Metrics

Market Stats

Price$8.17
Market Cap$421M
Enterprise Value$344M
P/S Ratio3.1x
P/FCF18.1x
EV/FCF14.8x
FCF Margin (TTM)17.0%
FCF Yield5.5%
Dividend Yield (TTM)--
Annual Dilution-4.1%
CurrencyUSD

TTM Financial Snapshot

Revenue$136.3M
Net Income$20.6M
Free Cash Flow$23.2M

Revenue Growth (YoY)+20.3%
EBITDA Margin8.8%
Net Margin15.1%
FCF Margin17.0%
CapEx % of Revenue1.4%
SBC % of Revenue14.4%
ROIC73.1%
WC Change % Rev-5.4%
Interest Coverage--

DCF Fair Value Estimate

$5.76
-29.5% upside
Fair Enterprise Value$226M
− Net Debt$-77M
= Fair Equity$303M
Revenue Growth30.0% → 4.0%
FCF Margin17.0% → 20.0%
Discount Rate16.0%
Terminal EV/FCF16.0x

Forward Outlook & Risk

Short Interest

Short % of Float3.5%
Short Shares1.7M
Days to Cover1.7
Change (vs Prior)-16.4%
Short % Float History
3.50%+1.60pp
1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%3.5%4.0%4.5%04-3007-1509-1511-1401-1504-30

Options

Call IV (ATM)49%
Put IV (ATM)64%
ATM Spread5.7%
Call $OI (near money)$89K
Put $OI (near money)$52K
ATM ExpiryJuly 17, 2026 (56D)
ATM Strike$10.0
Major Expirations3
Near-money chain · July 17, 2026
StrikeCall Bid/AskCall OIPut Bid/AskPut OI
$2.50$5.90/$6.800--/$0.750
$5.00$3.20/$4.300--/$0.250
$7.50$0.30/$2.2035--/$0.500
$10.00$0.05/$0.5518$0.25/$2.900
$12.50--/$0.450$3.20/$4.400
$15.00--/$0.751$5.60/$7.100
$17.50--/$0.750$8.10/$9.600
Snapshot: 2026-05-22

Forward Projections & Estimates

NTM Revenue Growth-42.8%
Forward FCF Margin4.4%
Forward EBITDA Margin-13.5%
Forward P/FCF123.9x
Forward EV/FCF101.1x
Forward Int. Coverage--
Model Risk Score8/10
Bankruptcy Odds1%
Est. Borrow Rate5.5%
Terminal EV/FCF16.0x
LT Growth4.0%
LT FCF Margin20.0%

Employees

Headcount254
Revenue / Employee$536,783
Gross Profit / Employee$345,098
2022: 246 → 2023: 269 → 2024: 254 → 2025: 230 (-2% CAGR)

Institutional Ownership

Headline & net flow

NET BUYING

In Q1 2026 so far (quarter still filing), institutions are net buyers — bought 12.1% of float, sold 4.2%. 4 filers moved >1% of shares (4 buying, 0 selling).

Net flow · Q1 2026still filing
+7.9% of float (net)
Bought 12.1% · Sold 4.2%
195 filers reported (last quarter: 191)

Ownership composition

Active
65.9%(-44.1% YoY)
176 filers
hedge / family / endowment
Retail funds
Fidelity, Schwab, 401(k)
Passive
32.5%(-16.1% YoY)
11 filers
Vanguard, iShares, SPDR
Market makers
1.4%(+0.4% YoY)
7 filers
Citadel, Susquehanna
Insiders
3.3%
Form 4 — latest per insider
0%25%50%75%100%2022-062023-032023-122024-092025-062026-03
ActiveRetail fundsPassiveMarket makersRetail direct

Top holders

Fund$ valueCost basisΔ QoQΔ YoYα lifeFund AUM
BlackRock, Inc.Passive$61.3M$16.88−$2.5M+$976K-0.2%$5.69T
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC$53.0M$15.16+$7.0M+$1.2M-0.1%$430.96B
Amundi$37.6M$13.84+$8.9M+$34.2M-0.2%$366.88B
VANGUARD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLCPassive$22.5M$10.07+$22.5M+$22.5M$4.04T
FIL Ltd$20.0M$18.98−$56K+$360K+0.2%$128.59B
Legal & General Group Plc$19.2M$14.25+$5.6M+$10.3M-0.1%$432.24B
STATE STREET CORPPassive$17.9M$16.91+$85K+$3.4M-0.2%$2.89T
GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLCPassive$13.0M$19.52+$345K−$945K+2.3%$1.61T
VANGUARD PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT LLCPassive$12.7M$10.07+$12.7M+$12.7M$1.91T
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LPPassive$8.8M$18.64−$726K+$716K-0.4%$480.92B
Invesco Ltd.$8.3M$16.43+$808K+$2.2M-0.2%$652.04B
AVENIR CORP$8.2M$21.27−$1.5M−$2.5M-2.8%$820M
MORGAN STANLEY$8.0M$17.82−$1.8M−$1.2M-0.3%$1.65T
DIAMOND HILL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC$6.8M$18.62−$2.2M−$5.2M-1.4%$15.99B
683 Capital Management, LLC$5.5M$10.07+$302K+$5.5M$1.02B
BROWN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC$5.4M$23.06−$2.3M−$20.7M-4.1%$698M
ArrowMark Colorado Holdings LLC$5.2M$12.57+$1.4M+$5.2M-4.3%$3.74B
ARROWSTREET CAPITAL, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP$5.2M$12.98+$1.7M+$3.8M+0.1%$184.72B
Kopion Asset Management, LLC$5.1M$11.96+$1.7M+$5.1M-1.2%$127M
ROYCE & ASSOCIATES LP$4.9M$14.00+$1.5M+$4.9M-0.9%$10.09B
Cost basis is a volume-weighted estimate from accumulation periods within our 13F history; holders who built their position before our window started will show a stale basis. % above the cost basis is the unrealized gain at the current price.

Trading behavior

Smart-money alpha (lifetime, %/qtr)NEUTRAL
Holders
-0.50%
avg per quarter
Holders (ex-self)
-0.46%
excl. this stock
Buyers (this Q)
-0.83%
61 buyers · $0.05B in
Sellers (this Q)
-0.87%
68 sellers · $0.09B out
alpha coverage: 91% of $ has a lifetime-alpha record
Holder behavior on this stocksource: stock
On big dips (−10%+)
-5.1%
how holders react when this stock falls
On quiet Qs
-11.9%
−10% to +10% baseline
On rallies (+10%+)
-18.8%
how they react when this stock rises
Holders' portfolio flow this Q
+1.9%
inflows — adds are organic
Sellers' portfolio flow this Q
-1.6%
Sellers shed AUM broadly — partly forced.
▸ Compare to holder-profile behavior (across all their stocks)
Holder dip (any stock)
-3.0%
Holder mid (any stock)
-2.9%
Holder rally (any stock)
-4.9%

Top Holders Over Time

5-year share-count history (top 10 holders by peak, incl. exited) + price

04.5M9.1M13.6M18.1M$10$15$19$23$282021-062022-062023-062024-062025-062026-03
hover the chart for per-quarter detailprice (right axis)
FMR LLC251KBROWN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC538KAMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC5.3MTrigran Investments, Inc.WILLIAM BLAIR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, LLCFIL Ltd2.0MAVENIR CORP818KDIAMOND HILL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT INC673KJENNISON ASSOCIATES LLCAmundi3.7M

Analyst Coverage

Analyst Coverage
Price Targets
Last Quarter (2 analysts)$12.505300.0%
Last Year (3 analysts)$14.407630.0%
Current Price$8.17
Analyst Ratings
10
4
Strong Buy: 1Buy: 10Hold: 4Sell: 1Consensus: Buy
Consensus Estimates
QuarterRevenueEBITDANet IncEPSEPS Range# Analysts
2025 Q330M7M4M$0.07$0.06 – $0.092
2025 Q483M20M33M$0.63$0.61 – $0.673
2026 Q18M2M-6M$-0.11$-0.12 – $-0.113
2026 Q220M5M-0M$-0.01$-0.01 – $-0.012
2026 Q323M6M1M$0.02$0.02 – $0.022
2026 Q444M11M15M$0.28$0.23 – $0.361
2027 Q18M2M-7M$-0.13$-0.17 – $-0.111
2027 Q225M6M2M$0.04$0.03 – $0.051
2027 Q330M7M5M$0.09$0.07 – $0.111
2027 Q460M15M22M$0.41$0.33 – $0.521

Corporate

Executive Compensation (2023-2025)

Direct Pay$33.9M
Incentive & Other$11.2M
Total Compensation$45.1M
% of Revenue11.2%

Insider Trading (last 12mo)

Open-market only (Form 4 P-Purchase + S-Sale). Excludes grants, option exercises, tax withholding, gifts.
Officers & directors
Buys ($, 12mo)
$167K
1 txn · 1 insider · 20,000 sh
Sells ($, 12mo)
$5.04M
24 txns · 4 insiders · 424,855 sh
Recent transactions
DateSideInsiderTitleSharesPriceDollarsOwned $
2026-05-13BUYTONDREAU PAMELA L.director20,000$8.34$167K$312K
2026-04-06SELLHanstveit Arvedirector2,419$10.29$25K$3.94M
2026-04-02SELLHanstveit Arvedirector165,292$10.14$1.68M$3.90M
2026-03-10SELLHanstveit Arvedirector25,000$10.96$274K$6.03M
2026-03-06SELLHanstveit Arvedirector11,582$10.62$123K$6.11M
2026-03-05SELLHanstveit Arvedirector38,418$10.71$411K$6.28M
2026-03-05SELLRamanan Natarajanofficer: Chief Technology Officer272$10.57$3K$556K
2026-03-04SELLClemente Rodneyofficer: SVP, Water20,568$10.61$218K$1.23M
2026-02-06SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer646$15.14$10K$1.18M
2026-02-05SELLClemente Rodneyofficer: SVP, Water724$14.59$11K$1.33M
2026-02-05SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer890$14.59$13K$1.15M
2026-02-02SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer729$14.46$11K$1.15M
2026-01-28SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer7,271$14.55$106K$1.31M
2025-12-05SELLHanstveit Arvedirector15,000$14.71$221K$9.20M
2025-12-04SELLHanstveit Arvedirector15,000$14.97$225K$9.58M
2025-10-24SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer3,530$18.00$64K$1.75M
2025-10-23SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer3,530$17.50$62K$1.70M
2025-10-20SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer3,530$17.00$60K$1.66M
2025-10-16SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer3,530$16.50$58K$1.61M
2025-10-03SELLYeung Williamofficer: Chief Legal Officer2,529$16.00$40K$1.56M

Order Flow (FINRA, ~3w lag)

12.5%retail-0.8pp
18.7%dark-2.9pp
week of 2026-04-13
10%20%30%40%24-1125-0225-0525-0825-1126-0226-04retail (non-ATS)dark (ATS)
Off-exchange volume from FINRA. Retail = non-ATS (wholesaler PFOF + broker internalization). Dark = ATS (dark-pool crossing networks, institutional). Lit-exchange = remainder.

Revenue Breakdown

Revenue Segments

By Product (2026-Q1)
Emerging Technologies Segment$0.2M+330%
By Geography (2026-Q1)
Other$6.9MNEW
Middle East$2.6MNEW
Africa$0.2MNEW

Filing Risk Analysis

Filing Risk Scores

Energy Recovery, Inc.: Cash Liquidation Strategy Masking Structural Operating Deficits and Growth Failures

Overall Risk
6/10
Fraud
2/10
Dilution
4/10
Insolvency
3/10
Earnings Overstated
5/10
Hidden Liabilities
2/10
Legal
2/10
Audit Warnings
4/10
Hidden Upside
6/10
Contextually Acceptable
7/10

Counter-Thesis

Counter-Thesis & Recent News

📰 Recent News

Energy Recovery (ERII) shares plummeted more than 30% in February 2026 following a massive Q4 2025 earnings miss and a drastic reduction in FY 2026 guidance. Revenue of $66.9M missed estimates by 19%, and the company announced an immediate exit from its CO2 refrigeration business, which was previously a key growth pillar. In May 2026, the company withdrew its 2026 financial guidance entirely, citing heightened geopolitical instability and 'project timing uncertainty' in the Middle East (Seeking Alpha, Investing.com, May 2026).

🐻 Bear Case

The bear case centers on a 'structural breakdown' in the project pipeline. The core desalination business is hitting an 'air pocket' as major Middle East projects are delayed or at risk due to regional conflict and fiscal budget shifts. By abandoning the CO2 refrigeration market, ERII has lost its most significant diversification play, leaving it entirely exposed to the lumpy and volatile desalination sector. Revenue growth has been sluggish (approx. 2.6% over five years), and recent EPS beats were driven more by financial engineering (share buybacks) than operational efficiency (Trefis, StockStory, 2026).

🚩 Red Flags

1) Guidance Withdrawal: Suspending full-year forecasts in May 2026 signals a lack of visibility into the core business. 2) Management Turnover: CEO David Moon's retirement and the CFO's resignation create a leadership vacuum during a critical downturn. 3) CO2 Business Failure: The 'immediate' wind-down of the CO2 segment involved a $1.6M inventory restructuring charge and suggests a failed R&D strategy (Investing.com, Marketscreener, 2026).

⚔️ Competitive Threats

The prolonged transition to the new PX Q650 product is identified as a risk that could allow competitors to capture market share if the rollout faces technical or supply chain hurdles. Additionally, as Middle East nations face GDP declines and shifting infrastructure priorities, lower-cost international competitors in the water efficiency space may gain leverage against ERII’s premium pricing (Northcoast Research, May 2026).

💬 Customer Sentiment

Sentiment in the critical Middle East region has soured as 'non-discretionary' water projects are being re-evaluated for timing and affordability. Macroeconomic headwinds are causing major desalinating nations to alter project timelines, leading to 'elevated tactical risk' for ERII's order book. There is growing concern among utility customers regarding the affordability of new technologies in a high-cost environment (Northcoast Research, April 2026; Smart Energy Consumer Collaborative, Feb 2026).

Full Earnings Call Transcript

Full Earnings Call Transcript — Q1 • 2026-05-07

Operator: Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Energy Recovery's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Call. During today's call, Energy Recovery may make projections and other forward-looking statements under the safe harbor provisions contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding future events or the future financial performance of the company. These statements may discuss our business, economic and market outlook, growth expectations, new products and their performance, cost structure and business strategy. Forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to the company and on management's beliefs, assumptions, estimates and projections. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors. We refer you to documents the company files from time to time with the SEC, specifically the company's annual Form 10-K and quarterly Form 10-Q. These documents identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in our projections or forward-looking statements. All statements made during this call are made only as of today, May 6, 2026, and the company expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements made during this call to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, unless otherwise required by law. Our hosts for today's call are David Moon, President and Chief Executive Officer of Energy Recovery; and Aidan Ryan, Interim Chief Financial Officer. I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Moon.
David Moon: Thank you, operator, and good day, everyone. Earlier today, we released a letter to shareholders on the Investor Relations section of our website that reviews business and financial performance during the quarter. Prior to opening the line for questions and answers, I'd like to highlight a few important takeaways from that letter. First is our new product, the PX Q650. We launched the product in March, have already received our first commercial order and are working with multiple large customers to design it into large desalination plants. It's off to a strong start, and we're excited about the commercial momentum that we've achieved in such a short time. Second, two leadership updates. I've informed the Board of my intention to retire and a search for my successor is underway. Until that person is named, I'm fully engaged in my role. Behind me is a strong bench of talent here at ERI that will ensure a smooth transition. We're also announcing that Mike Mancini has resigned as CFO. Aiden Ryan, who joined in 2024, will take over as interim CFO and ensure business as usual from a finance and shareholder standpoint. Third is the war in Iran. As we talked about in our letter, we have meaningful exposure to the Middle East, and we know the conflict will impact us. As such, our original financial guidance for 2026 is no longer reliable, and we're temporarily withdrawing guidance until we have better visibility on the evolving conflict. We've seen these situations in the past. And while timing is a key factor, we know the demand is there, and we are building inventory to serve customers when they are ready. Our strategic direction will not change during this uncertain time. We remain focused on product innovation, cost discipline, manufacturing transformation and the growth of our wastewater business. With that, we will now move to the question-and-answer portion of our conference call. Operator, please open the line for questions.
Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Ryan Connors with Northcoast.
Ryan Connors: David, congratulations on the retirement decision. And Aidan, congratulations on the elevation. Actually, a quick question on that. Will the search lean internal or external? Or is that just sort of everything is on the table in terms of your replacement, David?
David Moon: Ryan, everything is on the table.
Ryan Connors: Okay. And then in terms of just unpacking the Middle East situation a little bit. I think we got two different types of issues, right? One is a short-term delay, a project gets pushed out six, nine months. I think everyone -- that's totally -- that's not a big deal even from a modeling standpoint. But there's this sort of concern that the nature of this conflict and some of the images that were out there that people are seeing and potential investors in the region are seeing could kind of just sort of deflate confidence in the region for a little longer period and kind of just take away some of the growth economically and tourism and whatnot that underpins some of the project activity. I mean, I know you don't have a crystal ball either, but what's -- I'd love to get your take on that issue and whether the delays are likely to be the first sort or more of the second sort, which would be a little more concerning.
David Moon: Yes. So, I think, Ryan, obviously, it's still early days. But what we're hearing both internally and as we talk externally to others that are in the industry is that the project delays will be just that. There are likely to be some delays as we move from '26 into '27. But the fundamentals that are driving desalination and wastewater, but primarily desalination in the Middle East is water scarcity and water security, right? And so, populations continue to grow. Those aren't going away. And so, while we may see some projects delayed, we still feel good about the long-term fundamentals of desalinization.
Ryan Connors: Yes. Yes. I have to just keep track of it, I guess, as it plays out.
David Moon: And Ryan, we're not hearing anything that would tell us otherwise at this point.
Ryan Connors: Sure. One of my questions, David, you answered to some extent, which is I was going to ask how you're managing inventory and production schedules given that kind of uncertainty. But you did mention just there at the end of your prepared remarks that you're building inventory to be ready to serve customers. So, I guess that was -- my question is twofold there. One is what gives you confidence to be building that inventory when things could push further right or not on a certain project? And b, given the good news on the 650 gaining traction, how do you know which inventory to build? Because might -- if some of these things are delayed a year or so, might you actually have the opportunity to try to spec in some of the 650s in place of what was supposed to go in? Or is that just not feasible?
David Moon: Yes. I think the answer to that is yes, but we already know projects that are on the board over the next 12, sort of 24 months that are Q400 spec and frankly, are so far along in the design phase, it's unlikely that those projects will change product. And so, we've got a pretty good -- given where we're at today, we've got a pretty good crystal ball of sort of the Q650 transition time. And so that's sort of number one. Number two is that we saw the Q300 Q400 transition sort of take sort of two-plus years to play out to get it to where the Q400 is our primary product today. And so, we think it's going to take even with sort of this early momentum around the 650, we think it's going to take a couple of years the 650 to become our primary product. And that's probably 2028 before we see that. So, we feel pretty good about how many Q400s we need to be building over the next couple of years and how many 650s that we should be building as well.
Ryan Connors: Yes. Okay. And then my last one, and then I'll pass it on is just obviously, the delays are focused on the Middle East and the conflict. But the conflict itself has led energy prices higher. Obviously, desal is very energy intensive no matter where on the globe people are doing it. Now the PX device is going to lower that energy footprint, but still versus a few months ago, any project is going to look a little more expensive. So is there any sign that there's any kinds of delays outside of the Middle East, just given the higher energy cost spike?
David Moon: Yes, it's a really good question. So, the answer is no, not to this point. We have seen a few delays in some wastewater projects because of the cost -- input cost of materials. And so -- but there have been small projects and pretty small scale. So, nothing really at this point that would say desal projects in general globally are being impacted even given sort of the high energy price at this point are being impacted by the war. TBD, right, if it continues. But so far, the answer is no.
Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Ryan Pfingst with B. Riley Securities.
Ryan Pfingst: Maybe just a follow-up to the last one on the flip side with the Middle East uncertainty, are there other geographic regions where you're particularly enthusiastic about project development on the mega project side?
David Moon: Yes. I think if you think about sort of the next two years, we're excited about China and some of the desal activity that looks to be ramping up there. And I would say South America, which would be the sort of second area where we see some activity that's starting to pick up there. So I'd say those are the sort of the two dual areas. The third, I would say, is the wildcard would be Texas. There's been a lot of talk about desal projects for the last couple of years. Should some of those projects really start to prove out and start to happen, that could be some really nice business for us. And so I would say those are sort of the three areas that we're watching pretty closely.
Ryan Pfingst: Got it. And then has there been any change or update to how you're thinking about your manufacturing footprint expansion globally, just given the recent geopolitical events?
David Moon: No. I think the strategic reasons for us looking in the Middle East are still the same regardless of conflicts, right? So first and foremost, it's our biggest base of business and looks like it will be over the next five to 10 years. And so that's sort of reason number one, right? Reason number two is we've got customers there that are really, really pulling us for local content as it relates to building PXs on the ground. And so we're really -- and so that -- and that's not going away in the near term. And then I think the third thing is that the sort of the icing on the cake would be the low-cost benefits that we get by moving a manufacturing facility to the Middle East. And so look, we continue to be full speed ahead in our planning. It's still our target by Q1 to be able to start manufacturing Q400s, assembly Q400s overseas. And so we continue to push down that path.
Ryan Pfingst: Appreciate that. And then maybe just one more on wastewater. The prior 2026 outlook was $10 million to $15 million in revenue. Is that still how you're thinking about wastewater revenue for this year? Or should we consider that on hold as well?
Aidan Ryan: So, we are pausing -- Ryan, this is Aidan. We are pausing our guidance on both desalination and wastewater. So we're not going to comment specifically, but there's a lot of good things going on in wastewater. We also have some challenges, like David mentioned, and we look to update that when we update our overall guidance, hopefully here in Q2 or Q3.
Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Larry Solow with CJS Securities.
Unknown Analyst: It's Pete Lucas on for Larry. You covered a lot in your previous answers. I guess just one for me. Given the short-term uncertainty, how do you think about cost cutting as a lever to pull to maintain free cash flow? And how should we think about that as an option for you?
Aidan Ryan: Yes. Some of those things are definitely part of the existing plans, as we highlighted in the shareholder letter, our focus is on maintaining cost discipline. So we've talked about reducing manufacturing costs domestically with lean and Kaizen programs. David just talked about the manufacturing footprint strategy. That is part of our plans to reduce cost, and we're always focused on that.
David Moon: Yes. I would say the other thing, Pete, is that we did we did a major reduction in force last year. We did a reduction in force to start at the beginning of this year. And so as we think about further cost cutting in SG&A other than the belt tightening and continuing to sort of turn around the edges, there's not a lot of big onetime opportunities left. I think we've done a pretty good job of reducing there where we have the opportunity. I think where we see opportunities going forward is really productivity gains at the factory and sort of continuing to get smarter where we work in our SG&A to the extent that there are opportunities. But sort of no big time opportunities left.
Operator: And we have reached the end of the question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the floor back over to CEO, David Moon, for closing remarks.
David Moon: Thank you, operator. So, I just want -- just to repeat what I had said in my opening remarks, our strategic direction will not change during this uncertain time. We will remain focused on product innovation. I think we've proven that with the Q650. We've got more products on the drawing board as we move forward, cost discipline, our manufacturing transformation efforts, both here and overseas and then the growth of our wastewater business are all things that we'll remain focused on as we move throughout the year. Thank you, operator.
Operator: Thank you. And this concludes today's conference, and you may disconnect your line at this time. We thank you for your participation.